--- title: How Do We Identify Highly Compensated Employees for the First Year Our Company Exists? description: As a brand new company with a brand new plan, how do you identify highly compensated employees (HCEs) with no prior year history? Find out here. image: https://www.dwc401k.com/hubfs/Knowledge%20Center/Pillar%20Categories%202024/PNG%20-%20with%20category%20name/hero_pp_png_category.png --- [![logo](https://www.dwc401k.com/hubfs/_global/logo.svg "logo")](https://www.dwc401k.com/) [![logo](https://www.dwc401k.com/hubfs/Dwc-2019/SVG/logo.svg "logo")](https://www.dwc401k.com/) [![Contribution Limits](https://no-cache.hubspot.com/cta/default/3113501/af3ae025-72b1-41fa-8855-5e196d6c26e4.png)](https://cta-redirect.hubspot.com/cta/redirect/3113501/af3ae025-72b1-41fa-8855-5e196d6c26e4) [![Log in](https://no-cache.hubspot.com/cta/default/3113501/3466ce37-58ba-4a93-bddb-0d4c8bb8ccbc.png)](https://cta-redirect.hubspot.com/cta/redirect/3113501/3466ce37-58ba-4a93-bddb-0d4c8bb8ccbc) [![services-icon1](https://www.dwc401k.com/hubfs/QOTW/March%202020/services-icon1.png) ## Plan Document A properly drafted document is the foundation of achieving the company's objectives and keeping the plan in operational compliance. ](https://www.dwc401k.com/services/plan-document) [![services-icon2](https://www.dwc401k.com/hubfs/QOTW/March%202020/services-icon2.png) ## Plan Compliance We have a fundamental understanding of how critical plan compliance is to both the IRS and Department of Labor. ](https://www.dwc401k.com/services/plan-compliance) [![services-icon3](https://www.dwc401k.com/hubfs/QOTW/March%202020/services-icon3.svg) ## Defined Benefits Services We work with business owners and investment advisors to determine what makes the most sense by providing a detailed cost benefit analysis. ](https://www.dwc401k.com/services/defined-benefits-services) [![services-icon4](https://www.dwc401k.com/hubfs/QOTW/March%202020/services-icon4.svg) ## Mergers, Aquisitions & Related Company Analysis The DWC team is well-versed enough in the nuances and is ready to help you navigate the situation. ](https://www.dwc401k.com/services/mergers-acquisitions-analysis) [![services-icon5](https://www.dwc401k.com/hubfs/QOTW/March%202020/services-icon5.png) ## Plan Corrections DWC's extensive experience with both the IRS and Department of Labor voluntary correction programs allows us to help you address just about any accident that might happen. ](https://www.dwc401k.com/plan-corrections) [![services-icon6](https://www.dwc401k.com/hubfs/QOTW/March%202020/services-icon6.png) ## Government Audits Being selected for an audit can feel overwhelming, but the process doesn't have to be. ](https://www.dwc401k.com/services/government-audits) ![service-right-icon](https://www.dwc401k.com/hubfs/QOTW/March%202020/service-right-icon.svg) ## Investment Advisor Support DWC has a long history of successfully partnering with investment advisors. We bring decades of experience, supported by the resources to deliver comprehensive solutions for your clients. Our consultants understand the importance of your relationships and will work seamlessly alongside your team. [![Learn More](https://no-cache.hubspot.com/cta/default/3113501/e8259ee4-7af4-4a93-8f14-6176b30c4ada.png)](https://cta-redirect.hubspot.com/cta/redirect/3113501/e8259ee4-7af4-4a93-8f14-6176b30c4ada) ## [ Categories ](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog) [### DWC Developments ](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/topic/dwc-developments) [### Industry Insights ](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/topic/industry-insights) [### Regulatory Round-Up ](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/topic/regulatory-round-up) [### Cash Balance Corner ](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/topic/cash-balance-corner) [### 401(k) Q&A ](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/topic/401k-qa) [### Operational Overview ](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/topic/operational-overview) [### Lessons from Litigation ](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/topic/lessons-from-litigation) [### Pension Primer ](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/topic/pension-primer) ## [ Articles ](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog) [![https://3113501.fs1.hubspotusercontent-na1.net/hubfs/3113501/Knowledge%20Center/Pillar%20Categories%202024/PNG%20-%20without%20category%20name/hero_pp_png.png](https://www.dwc401k.com/hubfs/Knowledge%20Center/Pillar%20Categories%202024/PNG%20-%20without%20category%20name/hero_pp_png.png) ](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/the-new-era-of-401ks-evaluating-private-equity-for-retirement-portfolios) ### [The New Era of 401(k)s: Evaluating Private Equity for Retirement Portfolios](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/the-new-era-of-401ks-evaluating-private-equity-for-retirement-portfolios) [![https://3113501.fs1.hubspotusercontent-na1.net/hubfs/3113501/Knowledge%20Center/Pillar%20Categories%202024/PNG%20-%20without%20category%20name/hero_pp_png.png](https://www.dwc401k.com/hubfs/Knowledge%20Center/Pillar%20Categories%202024/PNG%20-%20without%20category%20name/hero_pp_png.png) ](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/why-the-simple-to-401k-transition-is-finally-simple) ### [Why the SIMPLE-to-401(k) Transition Is Finally… Simple](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/why-the-simple-to-401k-transition-is-finally-simple) [![https://www.dwc401k.com/hubfs/Knowledge%20Center/Pillar%20Categories%202024/SVG%20-%20with%20category%20name/hero_pp_category.svg](https://www.dwc401k.com/hubfs/Knowledge%20Center/Pillar%20Categories%202024/SVG%20-%20with%20category%20name/hero_pp_category.svg) ](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/decoding-the-alphabet-soup-whats-with-all-the-acronyms-part-6) ### [Decoding the Alphabet Soup: What’s With All the Acronyms | Part 6](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/decoding-the-alphabet-soup-whats-with-all-the-acronyms-part-6) [![https://www.dwc401k.com/hubfs/Knowledge%20Center/Pillar%20Categories%202024/SVG%20-%20with%20category%20name/hero_pp_category.svg](https://www.dwc401k.com/hubfs/Knowledge%20Center/Pillar%20Categories%202024/SVG%20-%20with%20category%20name/hero_pp_category.svg) ](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/decoding-the-alphabet-soup-whats-with-all-the-acronyms-part-5) ### [Decoding the Alphabet Soup: What’s With All the Acronyms | Part 5](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/decoding-the-alphabet-soup-whats-with-all-the-acronyms-part-5) [![https://www.dwc401k.com/hubfs/Knowledge%20Center/Pillar%20Categories%202024/SVG%20-%20with%20category%20name/hero_pp_category.svg](https://www.dwc401k.com/hubfs/Knowledge%20Center/Pillar%20Categories%202024/SVG%20-%20with%20category%20name/hero_pp_category.svg) ](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/decoding-the-alphabet-soup-whats-with-all-the-acronyms-part-4) ### [Decoding the Alphabet Soup: What’s With All the Acronyms | Part 4](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/decoding-the-alphabet-soup-whats-with-all-the-acronyms-part-4) [![https://www.dwc401k.com/hubfs/Knowledge%20Center/Pillar%20Categories%202024/PNG%20-%20with%20category%20name/hero_rr_png_category.png](https://www.dwc401k.com/hubfs/Knowledge%20Center/Pillar%20Categories%202024/PNG%20-%20with%20category%20name/hero_rr_png_category.png) ](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/in-case-of-emergency-dont-break-plan) ### [In Case of Emergency, (Don't) Break Plan!](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/in-case-of-emergency-dont-break-plan) [![See all](https://no-cache.hubspot.com/cta/default/3113501/da389b32-e8ba-4681-ac07-738df4376a5b.png)](https://cta-redirect.hubspot.com/cta/redirect/3113501/da389b32-e8ba-4681-ac07-738df4376a5b) [!["Complete Control" with Recommended Contributions](https://www.dwc401k.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Blog/Cash%20Balance%20Corner/September%202020/CBC%20-%209.3.2020%20-%20Complete%20Control%20with%20Recommended%20Contributions_Retirement%20Plan%20Design.png?width=800&height=350&name=CBC%20-%209.3.2020%20-%20Complete%20Control%20with%20Recommended%20Contributions_Retirement%20Plan%20Design.png) ](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/calculating-recommended-contributions-cash-balance-corner) ### ["Complete Control" with Recommended Contributions](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/calculating-recommended-contributions-cash-balance-corner) [![“Cover Me” with the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation](https://www.dwc401k.com/hs-fs/hubfs/CBC-8.19-PBGC.png?width=800&height=350&name=CBC-8.19-PBGC.png) ](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/cover-me-with-pbgc) ### [“Cover Me” with the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/cover-me-with-pbgc) [![10-Retirement-Compliance-Failures](https://www.dwc401k.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Blog/Blog%20Collateral%20-%20Old%20Designs/Blog%20Header%20Images_Old%20Watermarked%20Design/10-Retirement-Compliance-Failures.png?width=800&height=350&name=10-Retirement-Compliance-Failures.png) ](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/10-common-retirement-plan-compliance-failures-found-by-the-irs) ### [10 Common Retirement Plan Compliance Failures Found by the IRS](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/10-common-retirement-plan-compliance-failures-found-by-the-irs) [![2020 DOL Enforcement Stats: Is the Glass Half Full or Half Empty?](https://www.dwc401k.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Blog/Question%20of%20the%20Week/3.4.2021%20DOL%20Enforcement%20Blog.png?width=800&height=350&name=3.4.2021%20DOL%20Enforcement%20Blog.png) ](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/2020-dol-enforcement-statistics) ### [2020 DOL Enforcement Stats: Is the Glass Half Full or Half Empty?](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/2020-dol-enforcement-statistics) [![2020 Retirement Plan Tax Deductions - It's Not Too Late](https://www.dwc401k.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Blog%20-%204.15.2021%20-%202020%20Retirement%20Plan%20Deductions.png?width=800&height=350&name=Blog%20-%204.15.2021%20-%202020%20Retirement%20Plan%20Deductions.png) ](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/2020-retirement-plan-deductions-not-too-late) ### [2020 Retirement Plan Tax Deductions - It's Not Too Late](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/2020-retirement-plan-deductions-not-too-late) [![QOTW - 5.8.2018 - 401k Distribution Rules - After Taking a Hardship Distribution How Quickly Must a Participant Stop 401k Contributions - Plan Distributions](https://www.dwc401k.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Blog/Question%20of%20the%20Week/QOTW%202018/May%202018/QOTW%20-%205.8.2018%20-%20401k%20Distribution%20Rules%20-%20After%20Taking%20a%20Hardship%20Distribution%20How%20Quickly%20Must%20a%20Participant%20Stop%20401k%20Contributions%20-%20Plan%20Distributions.png?width=800&height=350&name=QOTW%20-%205.8.2018%20-%20401k%20Distribution%20Rules%20-%20After%20Taking%20a%20Hardship%20Distribution%20How%20Quickly%20Must%20a%20Participant%20Stop%20401k%20Contributions%20-%20Plan%20Distributions.png) ](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/whats-happens-when-you-take-a-hardship-distribution) ### [401(k) Distribution Rules: After Taking a Hardship Distribution, How Quickly Must a Participant Stop 401(k) Contributions?](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/whats-happens-when-you-take-a-hardship-distribution) [![See all](https://no-cache.hubspot.com/cta/default/3113501/270feba7-1532-4fb2-aaad-f6fc30d696e6.png)](https://cta-redirect.hubspot.com/cta/redirect/3113501/270feba7-1532-4fb2-aaad-f6fc30d696e6) - [DWC](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/topic/dwc) - [Question of the Week (QOTW)](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/topic/question-of-the-week-qotw) - [Retirement Plan Design](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/topic/retirement-plan-design) - [401(k) Plan](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/topic/401k-plan) - [News](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/topic/news) - [Plan Compliance](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/topic/plan-compliance) - [Plan Distributions](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/topic/plan-distributions) - [Highly Compensated Employees](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/topic/highly-compensated-employees) - [Nondiscrimination Testing](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/topic/nondiscrimination-testing) - [Plan Correction](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/topic/plan-correction) - [Legislation](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/topic/legislation) - [Cash Balance](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/topic/cash-balance) - [Fiduciary Responsibility](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/topic/fiduciary-responsibility) [![See all](https://no-cache.hubspot.com/cta/default/3113501/6e4f2713-d231-4e2f-9509-351824dea8bd.png)](https://cta-redirect.hubspot.com/cta/redirect/3113501/6e4f2713-d231-4e2f-9509-351824dea8bd) Company ### The DWC Difference Meet our team, explore career opportunities, and learn how DWC partners with TPAs to grow. - [About Us Who we are and our story ](https://www.dwc401k.com/about) - [Join the 401k Experts Open roles and life at DWC ](https://www.dwc401k.com/about/careers) - [Mergers and Acquisitions Grow faster with DWC ](https://www.dwc401k.com/mergers-and-acquisitions) [![feature image](https://3113501.fs1.hubspotusercontent-na1.net/hubfs/3113501/Knowledge%20Center/Pillar%20Categories%202024/PNG%20-%20without%20category%20name/hero_pp_png.png) ](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/the-new-era-of-401ks-evaluating-private-equity-for-retirement-portfolios) ### [![feature image](https://3113501.fs1.hubspotusercontent-na1.net/hubfs/3113501/Knowledge%20Center/Pillar%20Categories%202024/PNG%20-%20without%20category%20name/hero_pp_png.png) ](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/why-the-simple-to-401k-transition-is-finally-simple) ### [![feature image](https://www.dwc401k.com/hubfs/Knowledge%20Center/Pillar%20Categories%202024/SVG%20-%20with%20category%20name/hero_pp_category.svg) ](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/decoding-the-alphabet-soup-whats-with-all-the-acronyms-part-6) ### [![feature image](https://www.dwc401k.com/hubfs/Knowledge%20Center/Pillar%20Categories%202024/SVG%20-%20with%20category%20name/hero_pp_category.svg) ](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/decoding-the-alphabet-soup-whats-with-all-the-acronyms-part-5) ### [![DWC News Update: The CARES Act: Federal Coronavirus Relief](https://www.dwc401k.com/hubfs/Blog/Mega%20Nav%20Featured%20Blog%20Image.png) ](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/cares-act-federal-coronavirus-relief-dwc-news-update) ## [ The CARES Act: Federal Coronavirus Relief ](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/cares-act-federal-coronavirus-relief-dwc-news-update) [ Back to Knowledge Center ](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog) ![How Do We Identify Highly Compensated Employees for the First Year Our Company Exists?](https://www.dwc401k.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Knowledge%20Center/Pillar%20Categories%202024/PNG%20-%20with%20category%20name/hero_pp_png_category.png?width=800&name=hero_pp_png_category.png) # How Do We Identify Highly Compensated Employees for the First Year Our Company Exists? [ DWC ](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/author/dwc) | Published: 08/27/2019 | [401(k) Plan](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/topic/401k-plan), [Highly Compensated Employees](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/topic/highly-compensated-employees), [Question of the Week (QOTW)](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/topic/question-of-the-week-qotw), [DWC](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/topic/dwc), [Plan Compliance](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/topic/plan-compliance), [Key Employee](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/topic/key-employee), [Top Heavy Determination](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/topic/top-heavy-determination), [ADP/ACP Tests](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/topic/adp-acp-tests), [Pension Primer](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/topic/pension-primer) ## **Facts** We established our company on February 1st of this year, and now we are planning to launch our 401(k) plan.  We know there are number of tests and determinations that require us to look at company history, but as a new company, we don’t really have much of a history to look at. ## **Question** As a brand-new company with no prior year information to consider, how do we determine who our highly compensated employees are?  What about other tests and determinations? ## **Answer** Great question.  Fortunately, the IRS rules do not require jumping through too many hoops here.  You hit one of the main points – highly compensated employees – so we will start there. ### **Highly Compensated Employees** Under the basic definition, a highly compensated employee ([HCE](https://www.dwc401k.com/knowledge-center/who-are-highly-compensated-and-key-employees)) is anyone who meets either of two criteria: - He or she owns more than 5% of the company **at any point** during the current year or the immediately preceding year, or - He or she had compensation from the company that exceeded the applicable dollar limit ($125,000 for 2019, indexed for inflation) in the immediately preceding year. Since you just established your company this year, there is no immediately preceding year to consider.  That means the only individuals who could be considered HCEs for this first year are those who own more than 5% of the company at any point during the year. We should note that the compensation threshold noted above is absolute in that it is not pro-rated.  We only mention this, because it can be a question when you are trying to make HCE determinations in year two based on compensation paid in year one.  Even though the company only had 11 months in its first year (February 1 – December 31), you would still use the full $125,000 (as indexed for inflation) rather than pro-rating it. One additional variation on the theme (even though you didn’t specifically ask): Rather than starting the company on February 1st of this year, let’s assume you started it on December 1st of last year.  In that case, there is now a look-back year to consider.  For the ownership component, anyone who earned more than 5% of the company at any time during that one month of last year would be HCE.  For the compensation component, we would still apply the full $125,000 threshold even though there the company was only in business for one month in the prior year. ### **ADP/ACP Testing** The [ADP and ACP tests](https://www.dwc401k.com/knowledge-center/nondiscrimination-testing-adp-and-acp-tests) are required each year to ensure a plan does not discriminate in favor of HCEs with respect to deferrals and matching contributions.  The HCE contributions for the current year are limited based on the non-HCE contributions.  Without going too far into the weeds on how those tests work, one option is to base the current year HCE limitation on non-HCE contributions made in the immediately previous year.  Obviously, a brand new plan will not have any prior year contributions on which to base the test.  In those situations, the IRS says to assume a prior year non-HCE average contribution rate of 3%. ### **Key Employees** [Key employees](https://www.dwc401k.com/knowledge-center/who-are-highly-compensated-and-key-employees) are generally the owners and officers of the company.  Similar to determining who the HCEs are, identification of key employees includes both an ownership test and a compensation test.  However, when it comes to key employees, we only look to the 12-month period that ends on the last day of the current plan year.  Again, the ownership tests pick up anyone who met the applicable thresholds at any time during the year, and the dollar limits that apply to the compensation test are not pro-rated if the company was not in existence for that full 12-month period. ### **Top Heavy Determination** The [top heavy determination](https://www.dwc401k.com/knowledge-center/nondiscrimination-testing-top-heavy-determination) compares the accumulated account balances of all key employees to the overall total plan assets.  If the key employee balances exceed 60% of the total **as of the last day of the previous year**, then the plan is top heavy for the current year.  What happens when there is no plan in the prior year?  The rules dictate that for a brand-new plan, the last day of the first year is the date used to determine whether the plan is top heavy for both the first and second plan years.  So, in this situation with you starting the plan this year, if the aggregate account balances for the key employees exceeds 60% of the overall total on December 31st of this year, the plan will be considered top heavy for both this year and next year. We know that all of this can get a bit convoluted.  That’s where we come in.  If you have any questions about how the timing of starting your company and/or your plan might impact any of these important determinations, give us a call.  We are glad to gather the facts and walk through the situation with you. For additional information on highly compensated employees, please visit our Knowledge Center [here](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/topic/highly-compensated-employees). Want a printable version of this article? [Click here](https://www.dwc401k.com/hubfs/Printable%20Articles/QOTW%20-%208.27.2019%20-%20How%20Do%20We%20Identify%20HCEs%20for%20the%20First%20Year%20Our%20Company%20Exists%20-%20Plan%20Compliance.pdf).  [![Submit Your Question Today](https://no-cache.hubspot.com/cta/default/3113501/ea1283f0-31cd-4e2b-ac92-d185c9da303c.png)](https://cta-redirect.hubspot.com/cta/redirect/3113501/ea1283f0-31cd-4e2b-ac92-d185c9da303c) - Share - [**](https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/how-to-identify-highly-compensated-employees-for-first-year&title=How%20Do%20We%20Identify%20Highly%20Compensated%20Employees%20for%20the%20First%20Year%20Our%20Company%20Exists?&picture=https://www.dwc401k.com/hubfs/Knowledge%20Center/Pillar%20Categories%202024/PNG%20-%20with%20category%20name/hero_pp_png_category.png&description=As%20a%20brand%20new%20company%20with%20a%20brand%20new%20plan,%20how%20do%20you%20identify%20highly%20compensated%20employees%20(HCEs)%20with%20no%20prior%20year%20history?%20Find%20out%20here.) - [**](https://twitter.com/share?url=https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/how-to-identify-highly-compensated-employees-for-first-year&hashtags=) ## Browse categories [ DWC Developments ](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/topic/dwc-developments) [ Industry Insights ](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/topic/industry-insights) [ Regulatory Round-Up ](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/topic/regulatory-round-up) [ Cash Balance Corner ](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/topic/cash-balance-corner) [ 401(k) Q&A ](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/topic/401k-qa) [ Operational Overview ](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/topic/operational-overview) [ Lessons from Litigation ](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/topic/lessons-from-litigation) [ Pension Primer ](https://www.dwc401k.com/blog/topic/pension-primer) [ Browse by Topic ](https://www.dwc401k.com/knowledge-center-topics) ## Subscribe to our newsletter ### Only the Best Retirement Industry Content Get our 401(k) and defined benefits content delivered directly to your inbox. Subscribe for Updates | Certificate of Fiduciary Excellence | | --- | | | #### As Featured In [![fl-wall-street-journal](https://www.dwc401k.com/hubfs/_global/footer-logos/fl-wall-street-journal.png) ](https://www.wsj.com/articles/how-to-manage-your-target-date-fund-after-retirement-1488769981) [![fl-the-hill](https://www.dwc401k.com/hubfs/_global/footer-logos/fl-the-hill.png) ](https://thehill.com/) [![fl-bloomberg-BNA](https://www.dwc401k.com/hubfs/_global/footer-logos/fl-bloomberg-BNA.png) ](https://www.bloombergbna.com/) [![fl-US-News](https://www.dwc401k.com/hubfs/_global/footer-logos/fl-US-News.png) ](https://money.usnews.com/investing/articles/2017-04-12/pros-and-cons-of-401-k-brokerage-options) [![fl-yahoo-news](https://www.dwc401k.com/hubfs/_global/footer-logos/fl-yahoo-news.png) ](https://www.yahoo.com/news/pros-cons-401-k-brokerage-options-135040365.html) [![fl-plan-sponsor](https://www.dwc401k.com/hubfs/_global/footer-logos/fl-plan-sponsor.png) ](https://www.plansponsor.com/cits-lower-fees-seen-as-an-advantage-over-mutual-funds/) ©   DWC - The 401(k) Experts | P.O. Box 241267, St. Paul, MN 55124 ### Sign up to receive insights from DWC